Chengdu is one of the earliest developed and longest continued prosperous cities in China. In terms of the detailed historical data Chengdu city was built in 316 BC by Zhang with a history of more than 2300 years. However, according to Jinsha and other cultural relics, Chengdu’s highly developed civilization has at least appeared for 4000 years. It is the birthplaces of Ba Shu Culture.
Pre-Qin Period
In the early stages of Xia Dynasty or dating even earlier period, Shu Country, located in the Chengdu Plain, had already formed a highly developed bronze civilization, and became an important source of Chinese civilization and the birthplace of the Chinese nation.
During Spring and Autumn Period (4th century BC), the fifth Kaiming Emperor moved the capital to here, and named the city-Chengdu, and it has continued ever since. Chengdu has thus become the city rare in China which has not ever changed it name since built.
Today, there are many cultural relics of the ancient Shu County, such as the Sanxingdui, Jinsha ruins, Yufu ancient town ruins, Wangcong Temple, etc.. Jinsha Runis located in Chengdu downtown is a pinnacle of the development of the ancient Shu culture.
Qin and Han Dynasties
During Qin and Han Dynasties, Chengdu economy and culture is developed. 316 BC, Qin has annexed Shu and Ba. In 106 BC, the Han Dynasty set Yizhou Ministry in Chengdu, in charge of Ba, Shu, Guanghan, Qianwei four areas. At Late Qin and early Han Dynasty, Chengdu replaced the Central Plains and reputed as “Tianfu.” During Western Han Dynasty, Gongsun Ding set Chengdu as Cheng Family. In Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Yan made the Yizhou Administrator. During Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu brocade had already very developed. In Qin and Han Dnyasties, Chengdu was Commercial developed. In Qin Dynasty, it had already become the metropolis, and in the Western Han Dynasty Chengdu’s population reached 76,000 families, nearly 40 million people, became one of six metropolises in ancient China.
Three Kingdoms Period
Chengdu was the capital of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. Shu Han Dynasty (221 BC - 263 AD) is one of the Three Kingdoms. In 221, Liubei claimed to be a king as the relative of Han Dynst as Zhaolie Empero. Shu Han lasted for 43 years, and being destroyed by Wei.
Sui and Tang Dynasties
During the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu’s economy was developed, culture was prosperous, and Buddhism was prevailed. Chengdu become the country's few large cities, agriculture, silk, handicraft industry, commercial development, papermaking, printing has developed rapidly. "Shu Embroidery" as one of the country's three famous embroidery, "Shu Brocade" is deemed tribute treasures, production first. Chengdu is one of China Diaoban birthplace of printing. Tang Dynasty writer gathered in Chengdu, the great poet Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Bo, Lu Zhaolin, Gaoshi, Censhen, Xue Tao, Li Shangyin, Yong Tao, Kangsu and other short-lived in Chengdu.
Song and Yuan Dynasties
In Song Dynasty, Chengdu was more developed in economy and culture. Silk industry scale enlarged and varieties increase, accounted for more than 70% of the total handed to the country. As commercial development, Chengdu appeared the world's first paper money "Jiaozi". In North Song, Song Renzong set official Jiaozi Business, officially public printing and publish "Jiaozi". In 1257, Yuan Dynasty’s army captured Chengdu. In 1286, Yuan Dynasty set Sichuan Xingzhongshushen", later referred to as "Sichuan Province."
Ming and Qing Dynasties
In 1371, Ming Dynasty set Chengxuanbuzhengsi in Sichuan, Chengdu is the capital. In 1644, Zhang Xianzhong invaded Chengdu, claimed he the Emperor, named the country-Daxi, and renamed Chengdu as Xijing.The emperor sent governor of Sichuan, Chengdu General in Chengdu.
In 1863, the Taiping army generals Yi King –Si Dakai invade Sichuan, but failed in Chengdu.
The Republic of China
In June, 1911, Bolu Campaign happened in Chengdu. In March 12, 1912, Chengdu Dahan General Mansion was changed to Sichuan Military Government. Yin Changheng was the governor. Sichuan University, West China Union University and some other modern educational institution set up in Chengdu.
The People's Republic of China Period
On December 27, 1949, People's Liberation Army stationed in Chengdu. In 1952, Central People's Government withdrew the administrative office, restored Sichuan Province, and Chengdu, capital of Sichuan Province. In June, 2007, It was approved that the establishment of Chengdu urban and rural comprehensive reform pilot area. In January 2009, Chengdu was awarded the "National Civilized City" title, which is reflected in the overall level of civilization in China city comprehensive highest award. In 2012, Chengdu's GDP reached 813.894 billion yuan, ranked No. 8 in mainland China cities. In June 2013, the 12th Fortune Global Forum was successfully held in Chengdu.
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